Safety system with projectable warning indicia

ABSTRACT

A safety system includes an apparatus-mounted projector capable of projecting a warning image onto a designated danger zone about a dangerous implement of the apparatus. The projector is in signal communication with an electronic control module configured to control the warning image depending on a measured or received operational state of the apparatus implement. The projected warning image can include static, dynamic, or static and dynamic image elements depending on the measured or received operational state of the implement.

CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application is a continuation of U.S. Ser. No. 15/430,510 filedFeb. 12, 2017, which is a continuation of U.S. Ser. No. 14/609,260 filedon Jan. 29, 2015, which claims the benefit under 35 U.S.C. § 119(e)(1)of U.S. Ser. No. 61/933,252 titled “Safety System with ProjectableWarning Indicia” filed on Jan. 29, 2014. Each of the foregoingprovisional and non-provisional applications is expressly incorporatedherein by reference.

TECHNICAL FIELD

This disclosure relates to systems and methods for projecting a warningimage from a platform onto the surface of an identified danger zone.

BACKGROUND

Machinery and vehicles of almost all type can pose significant threatsto the well-being of persons in their vicinity. Particularly dangerousareas include places where loud, heavy, mobile machinery are presentsuch as construction sites and on airplane tarmacs or launching areas(e.g., on an aircraft carrier). In many cases, workers within such sitesmay wear protective hearing devices, either out of good practice or asmandated by their employer or a federal protection agency such as OSHA.While hearing protection devices can perform well for their intendedfunction, in some cases they can remove one of the critical senseshumans rely upon in perceiving danger.

Another particularly dangerous environment is one where threats arevisually obscured or substantially invisible. For example, the spinningpropeller of an airplane or the inlet side of a turbine jet engine canpresent a serious threat to anyone in the vicinity. In the former case,propellers can spin quickly enough that the blades become difficult tosee, and in the latter case, turbine jet engines are capable ofproducing suction powerful enough to draw a person into the inlet. Suchdangers are especially prevalent at night and in adverse weatherconditions when perception can be further hindered.

SUMMARY

In general, safety systems configured to project warning images aredisclosed. Such a system can include one or more optical projectorscapable of projecting one or more warning images onto a designated orselected danger zone. The danger zone may be designated or selected onvarious surfaces, e.g., concrete, asphalt, grass, and other surfaces.The projector can be capable of being attached to, or integrated withvarious types of machinery, including, without limitation, constructionmachinery, land, air, and sea vehicles, and other equipment. Warningimages can include various image indicia, words, pictures, or otherindicia, any of which may be static or dynamic, as appropriate for thesystem.

In one exemplary embodiment, a safety system is described. The safetysystem includes an apparatus-mounted projector capable of projecting awarning image onto a designated danger zone about a dangerous implementof the apparatus, wherein the warning image comprises dynamic graphicalcomponents. In this embodiment, the safety system can include componentsfor identifying the presence of people or objects within or near thedesignated danger zone and activate various warning systems accordingly.In this embodiment, such a warning system can include audibleannunciators, lights, e.g., strobe lights, or other types of warnings.In one embodiment, helmets, ear muffs, eyewear, and other personalprotective equipment can be configured with one or more components forreceiving a warning signal transmitted by the warning system. Uponreceiving such a warning signal, the one or more components can providea direct warning stimulus to the wearer, such as an audible alert tonewithin the ear muffs or helmet, flashing lights within eyewear, orhaptic stimulus.

In one exemplary aspect, a system for projecting a warning image onto asurface within a selected danger zone is disclosed. The system includesan optical projection system configured to controllably project awarning image onto a surface that substantially encompasses the selecteddanger zone. The system further includes an electronic control moduleconfigured to control the optical projection system according to anoperational state of a machine implement within, or proximal to thedefined danger zone.

In one embodiment, the optical projection system is operatively mountedto a mobile apparatus.

In one embodiment, the system is operatively configured for use with anaircraft.

In one embodiment, the projected warning image includes one or moreanimated image components. In a related embodiment, the defined dangerzone is an area proximate to an engine of said aircraft. In a relatedembodiment, the defined danger zone is an area proximate to a propellerof said aircraft.

In one embodiment, the electronic control module is configured to causeprojection of a first warning image according to a first operationalstate of the implement, and projection of a second, different warningimage according to a second, different operational state of theimplement. In a related embodiment, the first operational state is afirst measured revolutions-per-minute (RPM) value and the secondoperational state is a second measured RPM value. In a relatedembodiment, the defined danger zone is different for each of the firstwarning image and the second warning image. In a related embodiment, thefirst warning image is a static image and the second, different warningimage is an animated image.

In one embodiment, the optical projection system includes a scanninglaser assembly configured to engender at least one of static andanimated components of the projected warning image.

In one embodiment, the control module includes digital storage forstoring retrievable digital image components of the projected warningimage. In a related embodiment, the digital image component is at leastone of a text, defined shape, or outline component. In a relatedembodiment, the digital storage includes text image components in aplurality of languages, and the electronic control module is configuredto project the warning image including the text components in one of theplurality of languages according to an electronically-determined,geographic location. In a related embodiment, the geographic location isdetermined by a GPS system.

In one embodiment, the system further includes one or more sensorsconfigured to detect the presence of a subject proximate to theprojected warning image. Furthermore, the control module is configuredto cause the projection system to project a modified or differentwarning image if presence of the subject is detected. In a relatedembodiment, the control module is further configured to activate anaudible alarm upon detecting the presence of the subject.

In one exemplary aspect, a method for reducing the likelihood of injurynear a mechanical implement is disclosed. The method includes definingan injurious danger area on a surface proximate to the mechanicalimplement, providing an optical projection system configured to projecta warning image on the surface substantially encompassing the injuriousdanger area, providing an electronic control module in signalcommunication with the optical projection system and configured tocontrol the projected warning image, and configuring the electroniccontrol module to cause the warning image to be projected on the surfaceaccording to an operational state of the mechanical implement.

In one embodiment, the electronic control module is configured toproject a first warning image according to a first operational state,and project a second, different warning image according to a second,different operational state of the mechanical implement.

In one exemplary aspect, a safety system for reducing the likelihood ofinjury around an aircraft engine is disclosed. The safety systemincludes an optical projection system configured to be mounted to anaircraft frame and project a warning image substantially encapsulating aselected injurious danger area on a surface proximate to the aircraftengine. The safety system further includes an electronic control modulein signal communication with the optical projection system andconfigured to control both projection of, and graphical elements of theprojected warning image. The electronic control module is furtherconfigured to receive a measurement of an operational state of theengine and cause the optical projection system to project a warningimage onto the surface corresponding to the operational state. For afirst measured operational state, the warning image includes staticimage elements and for a second, different operational state the warningimage includes animated image elements.

Certain advantages of the systems and methods include providingcustomizable, high-visibility, pertinent warning indications to humans;providing warning indications having dynamic content for increasedawareness of nearby personnel; providing warning indications to mitigateor prevent falls from platforms, open areas or building precipices;providing warning indications projected from a moving platform, so thata danger zone is projected about a target danger area as the machinemoves; among others.

Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used hereinhave the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill inthe art. Although methods and materials similar or equivalent to thosedescribed herein can be used in the practice or testing of any describedembodiment, suitable methods and materials are described below. Inaddition, the materials, methods, and examples are illustrative only andnot intended to be limiting. In case of conflict with terms used in theart, the present specification, including definitions, will control.

The foregoing summary is illustrative only and is not intended to be inany way limiting. In addition to the illustrative aspects, embodiments,and features described above, further aspects, embodiments, and featureswill become apparent by reference to the drawings and the followingdetailed description and claims.

DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

The present embodiments are illustrated by way of the figures of theaccompanying drawings, which may not necessarily be to scale, in whichlike references indicate similar elements, and in which:

FIGS. 1-2 illustrate exemplary warning images projected by a projectionsystem about a propeller-driven aircraft, according to one embodiment;

FIG. 2A illustrates an exemplary warning image projected about the tailrotor of a helicopter, according to one embodiment;

FIGS. 3-5 illustrate exemplary warning images projected by a projectionsystem about a jet engine-driven aircraft, according to severalembodiments;

FIG. 6 illustrates a projection system according to one embodiment;

FIG. 7 illustrates a control module of a projection system, according toone embodiment.

FIG. 8 shows an exemplary warning system according to one embodiment;

FIG. 9 shows a process diagram according to one embodiment;

FIG. 10 illustrates a warning system integrated with a jetliner,according to one embodiment; and

FIG. 11 illustrates a warning system integrated with a jetliner,according to one embodiment.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF ILLUSTRATIVE EMBODIMENTS

Complacency and loss of situational awareness can be a factor in humaninjury and death in dangerous areas. Particularly dangerous areasinclude, without limitation, aircraft staging zones, taxiways, ramps,and other airport areas; launch ramps on aircraft carriers; so-called‘pits’ used by racecar drivers where cars are serviced during races; andother areas. A commonality between each of these dangerous areasincludes the presence of human beings and heavy machinery capable ofinflicting serious harm or death to someone in the vicinity.

To reduce the incidence of injury and/or death, zones have traditionallybeen established by, for example, pavement markings that indicate thepossibility of danger within that area; workers are trained to recognizethose markings and be cautious around them. However, complacency canhave the unfortunate effect of reducing heightened awareness even inzones that have been designated ‘dangerous’ by people who work in theseareas for prolonged periods of time. Furthermore, danger zones aretypically established for a given set of routines and, due to theirstatic nature, cannot account for situations that fall out of normal.Consider, for example, a jet pilot who parks at a terminal. The airplanemay come to rest, at which time a tarmac worker may begin to chock thewheels. As he moves into a danger zone encompassing the perimeter of theairplane, he may not be aware of a command from a different workerasking the pilot to reposition the airplane which could have devastatingeffects for the worker now underneath the aircraft. In another example,a tarmac worker may be used to servicing a particular type of jetairplane at his assigned terminal, e.g., a Boeing 727. The worker maynot realize—or fully comprehend—the arrival of a bigger jet airplane,e.g., a Boeing 737 having more powerful jets and thus stronger jetintake and/or jet blast. If the worker is unaware of the change in thatwhich he has become accustomed to, he may venture into an expandeddanger zone, e.g., the jet intake, which can cause serious injury.

Thus, to provide additional safety and heightened awareness aroundmachinery, in general, systems and methods for projecting warning imagesonto a surface are disclosed. In one exemplary embodiment, a warningsystem includes an optical projection system for projecting warningindicia on a surface. An optical projection system can be attached to,coupled, or integrated with a portion of machinery, a vehicle, or anyother body in a configuration that provides the capability of opticallyprojecting warning indicia onto a surface. A warning system can beconfigured according to the type of machinery it operates with and canbe further configured to project warning indicia according to anyvariable or feature of its operation, as described in greater detailherein.

In general, a projected warning image can have a projected surface areaor perimeter that substantially encompasses or encapsulates a selecteddanger zone and serves to provide a warning to persons in the vicinity,for example, that the area is dangerous or is about to become dangerous.A projected warning image can include optically-projected componentssuch as shapes, colors, graphic elements, text, or any other appropriateindicia for warning persons of the danger area, including combinationsthereof. As discussed in greater detail herein, a warning system can beconfigured to project static or dynamic warning images including, words,symbols, or any other type of projectable image components. A projectionsystem used with a warning system can project warning indicia utilizing,e.g., one or more light sources and one or more optical assembliescapable of projecting the image onto a surface with sufficient clarityand intensity to warn persons in the vicinity of the danger area.Examples of suitable light sources include, but are not limited to:lasers, diodes, and incandescent or fluorescent bulbs.

As mentioned previously, a warning system of the type described hereincan be configured for use in any industry and with any type of machine.However, for the sake of brevity, this disclosure focuses onimplementation with aircraft as one non-limiting, exemplary embodiment.Those skilled in the art will recognize the applicability of thedisclosed warning system to other machinery, such as industrial lifttrucks, cranes, and construction equipment and service vehicles,including modifications that may be necessary to enable theirfunctionality on other systems, even though they may not be expresslydisclosed herein.

Referring now to FIGS. 1-5, various exemplary warning images are shownprojected from a warning system according to several embodiments. Inthese examples, selected danger zones around the propeller of a propairplane (FIGS. 1-2) and the intake/exhaust areas of a turbine-poweredairplane engine (e.g., a “jet”) (FIGS. 3-5) are substantiallyencompassed by a projected warning image. A “selected” danger zone canbe, e.g., an identified area around a machine implement such as, withoutlimitation, a propeller, engine or engine component, rotor, or otherimplement that has the potential to be injurious to a person or animal,or cause damage to other machinery. An exemplary system capable ofprojecting the warning indicia shown in FIGS. 1-5 is described ingreater detail below. FIGS. 1-5 illustrate exemplary warning indiciaprojections in dangerous areas around aircraft. For example, referringto FIGS. 1 and 2, a spinning propeller at the fore of the aircraft canbe difficult to see; thus, a danger zone exists around the propeller.

Referring specifically to FIGS. 1 and 2, in this embodiment, a projectedwarning image 100 includes a plurality of optically-projected warningindicia: a solid box 105; a dashed box 110 within the solid box 105; andthe word “DANGER!” 115 in a plurality of orientations as shown. FIGS. 1and 2 illustrate projected warning indicia as a simple rectangledirectly in front of the propeller; however, it will be understood thatwarning indicia can be projected from one or more optical projectionsystems such that it appears “wrapped” around the fore of the aircraft,e.g., in a bracket “]” shape, so that the area fore of the wings isdesignated a warning area (not shown in FIGS. 1-2). In this embodiment,the warning indicia 100 is projected onto a tarmac surface, which can beformed of asphalt, concrete, or other materials as is generally known,by a suitable optical projection system. One suitable and non-limitingoptical projection system includes a laser display system having atleast one laser head, an optional color separation module, and a scannerassembly configured to project one or more output laser beams to formthe warning image 100 illustrated.

In this and other embodiments, projected warning indicia can include oneor more brightly-colored elements which can be the same or differentcolor as preferred. In this example, the solid box 105, the dashed line110, and the words 115 can be bright red. In this and other embodiments,the projection system can be configured to change the color, shape,size, or any other projectable aspect of the warning indicia elements todraw attention to the danger zone.

For example, the warning system can be configured such that the DANGER!element (115) alternates between being projected in bright red andbright green, or is caused to flash intermittently, or a combinationthereof. Similarly, in this and other embodiments, the warning indiciaelements can be dynamic; for example, elements can move to draw greaterattention to the danger zone. For example, in this embodiment, thedashed line 110 can be projected such that it appears to move in aclockwise or counter-clockwise direction about the inner perimeter ofthe solid box 105, or flash on and off so as to attract attention to theinjurious area.

In this and other embodiments, the projected indicia can be associatedwith an operational state of the airplane. For example, when a pilot orequipment operator energizes the system by turning an ignition key to apre-ignition state, the warning system can project, e.g., thesolid-lined box 105 and the dashed box 110 in yellow, and project theword “Caution.” In this example, when the ignition is started, thepropeller begins to rotate which causes an immediately injurious zone infront of the airplane; at this time, the projected indicia can turn toall-red, and the word “Danger” and other graphic elements can beprojected as illustrated to convey the increased amount of cautionwarranted around the spinning propeller.

In this and other embodiments, a warning system can be configured toproject text of in a chosen language or combination of languages.Referring to FIG. 2, for example, the projected warning image includestext in German. In this and other embodiments, a user can cause theprojection system to be displayed in a preferred language, as describedin greater detail below, so that, e.g., a pilot can control aspects ofthe projected warning image when traveling between internationaldestinations.

In this and other embodiments, a warning system can be in signalcommunication with one or more computer systems to facilitate dynamicfunctionality. Without limitation, a warning system can be directlycoupled with a computer system in known ways, e.g., through the use ofcables, fibers or other signal-carrying media; or, alternatively, awarning system can be configured to communicate with one or morecomputing systems via wireless protocols, e.g., Bluetooth, WIFI, etc.“Computing system” as used herein can refer to computers known in theart, such as laptop or desktop systems, tablets, personal computingdevices, cellular phones, or more advanced computing systems integratedinto the aircraft, for example. In general, such a computing system hasat least a processor, memory, input/output hardware, digital storage,and peripheral components as is known in the art, however, any suitablecomputing platform can be used as preferred.

In one embodiment, a warning system can dynamically determine a languagein the use of projected text based on the location of the aircraft or byselection of a preferred language by the operator. For example, awarning system can be in signal communication with a global positioningsystem (GPS) which itself can be configured to obtain the geographicallocation of the airplane. The warning system can also be in signalcommunication with a computing system capable of accessing a database ofnative languages based on positioning data provided by the GPS. Thewarning system can then load or otherwise receive from the computingsystem, a configuration file specifying the language for projecting textindicia. In such an embodiment, a pilot need not concern himself withmanually changing the language of projected indicia; instead, thewarning system will automatically compensate based on location andproject text indicia in a local language.

In this and other embodiments, projected warning indicia can move alongwith the object it is being projected from. Keeping with the embodimentillustrated in FIG. 1, the relative position of the warning projection100 with respect to the airplane can be kept substantially constant,whether the airplane is in motion or standing still. In one embodiment,the projected warning indicia can change depending on whether theobject, in this example, the airplane, is in motion. For example, thewarning indicia 100 illustrated in FIGS. 1 and 2 can be used while theairplane is at rest, but change to a different projected warning designif the airplane is in motion.

FIG. 2A illustrates an exemplary warning image 200 projected about anestablished danger zone associated with the tail rotor of a helicopter.FIG. 2A illustrates the helicopter on the deck of an aircraft carrier,which is known to be a particularly hazardous environment for workers.In this embodiment, the warning image 200 can be projected when the tailrotor is spinning to visually alert crew members of the danger zone.Like other warning image embodiments, the projected warning image 200can include static, animated, or static and animated graphic elements,including text, boundaries, shapes, and other elements.

Referring now to FIGS. 3 and 4, in this embodiment, the projectedwarning image 300 is projected onto an area of tarmac generallyencompassing the inlet air stream of a turbine jet engine. Such areascan be particularly dangerous to airport personnel, e.g., ramp agents,ground agents, ground crew, baggage handlers, “marshellers,” emergencyresponders or military personnel and other workers, because the dangeris generally invisible, yet a powerful suction force exists that canlift a person into the impeller of the engine. As is often the case,such airport personnel often wear protective hearing devices; so, unlikethe case of the airplane propeller previously described which can be atleast partially visible, the inlet stream of a turbine jet engine can beparticularly dangerous because it can be invisible.

In this embodiment, projected warning image 300 includes a “D” shapedgraphic element 305 having a dashed line extending along the curvedportion, a plurality of spokes 310, and the word “DANGER” 315 asillustrated. In this embodiment, the dashed line of the D-shaped graphicelement 305 can be configured to move in a substantially circularfashion about the inner perimeter; similarly, one or all of the spokes310 can blink, shuffle, or be projected in other ways so as to drawattention to the warning area.

In this and other embodiments, a projected warning can reflect a stateof operation of a machine or vehicle. For example, in this embodiment,the projected image 300 can be projected in a green color when theengine is idling or operating below a selected threshold number of RPMs.As the engine is throttled up and exceeds the selected threshold RPM,the warning image 300 can be projected in bright red or orange, forexample. Similarly, in one embodiment, projected text elements, e.g.,the word DANGER 315 in the instant warning image 300 can change undersimilar dependencies. For example, in a low-RPM setting the warningimage 300 can contain the word “CAUTION” while in a high-RPM setting, orwhen the airplane is moving, the warning image 300 can contain the word“DANGER” as illustrated.

Referring now to FIG. 5, in this example, a projected warning image 300is projected onto the tarmac, in an area substantially encompassing theinlet air stream of each jet engine fore of the airplane wings.Additionally, aft of the wings of the airplane, a projected jet-blastzone warning image 400 is projected to warn persons of the danger inthat area. In this and other embodiments, the blast zone warning image400 can include animated image components or image elements; forexample, the diagonal lines within the cone-shaped image (e.g., diagonalline 401) can be animated to create the appearance that the warningimage 400 is rotating, similar to the visual effect of a rotatingbarber's pole.

In another example, a warning system of the type described herein can beconfigured to project a first warning image associated with a firstmeasured operational state, and project a second, different, warningimage associated with a second measured operational state. In this andother embodiments, the measured operational state can be measured, orreceived by a warning system control module discussed in greater detailherein. For example, the selected or identified blast zone of a jetairplane idling at 100 RPM may occupy a generally cone-shaped area of100 ft². In this instance, the projected warning image can be configuredto substantially encapsulate the 100 ft² cone-shaped area and, ifdesired, a buffer area that extends a desired distance around theselected or identified blast zone. When the engine RPMs are increased,say to 1000 RPM, for example, the area of the selected or identifiedblast zone can correspondingly increase. In this instance, the warningsystem control module can cause projection of a second, differentwarning image that substantially encapsulates the larger area.

FIGS. 1-5 show non-limiting examples of projected warnings, includingwarning indicia and text. It should be understood, however, that thestyle, design, content, and other features of projected warnings may belimited only by practical considerations of projection systems and thatmany other styles, designs, and warning content are equallycontemplated.

Referring now to FIG. 6, a diagram of an optical warning projectionsystem 600 (hereinafter “projection system”) capable of projectingwarning images and indicia of the type described herein is shownaccording to one embodiment. In the description that follows, eachcomponent of the system 600 can be, depending on desired functionality,in at least one of data, signal, and power communication with eachother, as denoted by the solid connecting lines, e.g., line 608. Itshould be understood that while the exemplary embodiment of FIG. 6illustrates components of the system within a single housing, in other,alternative embodiments, one or more of the components of the system canbe remotely positioned, e.g., outside of the housing. In such cases, thecomponents can be configured to be in signal communication with eachother, as necessary, using cabled or wireless signal connections asdesired.

In this embodiment, the system 600 includes a housing 601 for protectingother components of the system 600 as described in greater detail below.The housing 600 can be formed of resilient metals, alloys, plastics,glass, or other components as necessary to protect the system componentsfrom weather or physical damage as will be apparent according to thetype, purpose, and intended function of the system. For example, if theintended use of the system 600 is on a commercial jet airliner, thehousing can be configured as a sealed unit to reduce condensation andother effects that airplanes experience when transitioning from cold towarm temperatures and vice versa.

In this embodiment, a projection system 602 is enclosed in the housing601. In this and other embodiments, the projection system 602 can be anassembly of optical, mechanical, and electrical components, or anycombination thereof, that is capable of, and configured to project thetypes of warning images and indicia as generally described herein. Itshould be understood that the type of warning images and indiciaillustrated in FIGS. 1-5 are exemplary only, and that the projectionsystem 602 can be capable of projecting a limitless combination of text,images, graphic elements, or other aspects of a desired projectablewarning image.

The projection system 602 can be of any type suitable for the intendedwarning image to be projected and for the surface onto which theimage(s) are projected. For example, the projection system 602 can be anassembly that includes, among other components, a light source such asone or more incandescent or fluorescent light bulbs, a laser, a diode,or any combination thereof. The projection system 602 can includevarious optical, mechanical, electromechanical, or electrical systems,or any combination thereof to engender projection of a desired warningimage. For example, the projection system 602 can include components tocreate “beam” or “screen” effects as is generally known by those skilledin the art of laser light shows and the like. In such a system, theprojection system 602 can include, inter alia, one or more: lasers,laser projectors with color controls, beam tables, sub-scanning systems,scanners, graphics systems, and outboard equipment as necessary to becapable of projecting a desired warning image. In this and otherembodiments, it should be understood that the phrase “warning image”when used in the context of an image created by a laser display systemrefers to the image as perceived by a person, as generally such a systembuilds images through the use of rapidly-scanned laser point projectionsthat move faster than the human eye can detect.

In various embodiments, the projection system 602 can be any type ofoptical projection system, e.g., a liquid crystal display (LCD)projector, a light-emitting diode (LED) projector, or a digital lightprocessing (DLP) projector. Such projectors are known in the art of,e.g., theater and home-theater systems, and can be selected based onvarious parameters, e.g., projected brightness, contrast, etc. In somecases a projector can be adapted or configured for adequate intensity,projection, focus, or other aspects when incorporated into a system 600as described herein. Two exemplary, non-limiting projectors are thePowerLite Pro Cinema 603OUB 2D/3D 1080p 3LCD projector, and thePowerLite Home Cinema 5010e 1080p 3LCD projector, both provided by EpsonAmerica Inc., Long Beach, Calif., USA. In various embodiments, theprojection system can be configured to be in signal communication with adigital media server which can provide digital images, animations, andother content that can be used in, or as warning images as describedherein as part of a warning system, e.g., warning system 600.

In this embodiment, the projection system 602 is configured and orientedso as to project light (illustrated by rays 606) from the projectionsystem 602 through a transmissive window 603. In this embodiment, thewindow 603 is configured such that the light 606 can be projected onto aselected danger zone area, e.g., an area fore of an airplane propelleras illustrated in FIG. 1 or on fore and aft sides of a turbine jetengine as illustrated in FIG. 5.

In some embodiments, the window 603 can be an optical element capable ofproviding desired enlargement, distortion correction, focus or otheroptical adjustments such that the projected warning image appears asdesired on an associated surface, such as on an airport tarmac. Forexample, window 603 can be an optical element that corrects forasymmetrical image skew that can result if the warning image isprojected at an angle onto the intended target surface.

In this embodiment, the system 600 includes a power source 604. Thepower source 604 can be a source of power for the projection system 602,the control module 605, or both. The power source 604 can be in the formof stored energy, e.g., as a battery, or a source of alternating currentpower, e.g., an electrical bus connected to a power grid (notillustrated in FIG. 6). Such power sources are known in the art and willgenerally depend on the type of projection system 602 being used.

In this embodiment, the system 600 includes a control module 605, whichis described in greater detail herein. In general, the control module605 provide data, e.g., text, images, graphical elements, and any otherdesired warning indicia that is projectable by the projection system602. In some embodiments, the control module can be integrated into, ormay come integrated as a package system with the projection system 602.

In this embodiment, the control module 605 can include I/O ports forreceiving various types of data that can be projected, or made to beprojected by the projection system 602, such as graphics files, text,computer-executable logic instructions, and other data. The controlmodule 605 can further include user controls for controlling oradjusting various aspects of the projected warning image. Exemplarycontrols include brightness, focus, and color, among others.

In this embodiment, the control module 605 can include a computingsystem having necessary components for causing a desired warning imageto be projected by the projection system 602. The computing system isdescribed in greater detail in FIG. 7; however, its function can be toallow program instructions to be executed that control the projectedwarning image.

In this embodiment, the control module 605 is in signal communicationwith a data source 607. Data source 607 can be, e.g., an output terminalof a computing system that senses and monitors various aspects ofmachine or vehicle use. Such computing systems are known and used, e.g.,in cars, work machines, e.g., construction equipment, airplanes, and thelike.

Alternatively, data source 607 can be a sensor capable of sensing achosen condition, state, or aspect such as detecting movement,temperature, speed, or other condition, such as location through use ofGPS signals as described herein, or engine RPM as described herein. Insome cases, the data source 607 can be capable of transmitting anelectronic signal to the control module 605. In some cases, data source607 can be a sensor capable of returning an electronic condition, state,or aspect in response to a data query sent from the control module 605.

Referring now to FIG. 7, control module 605 is illustrated according toone embodiment. It should be understood that the following descriptionof control module 605 is one exemplary configuration of manypossibilities as one of ordinary skill in the art of computer design orsoftware engineering will appreciate. Furthermore, for clarity andbrevity, only certain control module components are described; othercomponents and peripherals can be added as necessary to achieveadditional desired functionality.

In this embodiment, the control module 605 includes a computer processor650 (hereinafter ‘processor’). The processor 650 can be any computerprocessor capable of performing the function of carrying out logic andcontrol functions, sending and receiving electronic signals, andperforming logic and control calculations and determinations, as isgenerally known in the computing arts. In this embodiment, the processor650 is in signal communication with a logic module 660 that includesstored instructions for carrying out functions relating to thegeneration of projected warning images such as those described herein.

In this embodiment, the stored instructions can include, e.g., softwareand logic instructions to be carried out by the processor 650 accordingto the type, configuration, and parameters of the projection system 602.For example, in a case where the projection system includes alaser-driven display, the stored instructions can include commands foractivating the laser display system, controlling rasterizing components,etc., so that selected warning images are projected.

Additionally, the logic module can include stored instructions for“autonomous” control module functionality. For example, the storedinstructions can include logic functions for continually monitoring astate or condition of the data source 607, e.g., engine RPMs, a massflow sensor reading or other sensor data, selecting an appropriatewarning image from a data repository 690 (described in greater detailbelow), selecting a language of projected text according to location,and causing control signals to be sent to the projection system 602 soas to project the warning image to the danger zone.

In this embodiment, the control module 605 includes an input/output(I/O) module 670 in signal communication with one or more externalinstruments 693, user controls 695, the projection system 602, and theprocessor 650. The I/O module 670 can be configured so as to be capableof sending input control signals received from the user controls 695 tothe processor 650 for processing. The I/O module 670 can be in signalcommunication with one or more signal registers, e.g., an outputregister (not illustrated in FIG. 7) for displaying information on auser interface such as a computer monitor which can be located, e.g., ina cockpit. In one embodiment, the I/O module can be in signalcommunication with one or more signal broadcasting components, such as aradio, WIFI, Bluetooth or other transmitter for sending information oralert warnings to personnel or other equipment or operators in thevicinity. The I/O module 670 can also be configured to receive imageprojection signals from the processor 650 and send them to theprojection system 602. In this embodiment, the image projection signalscan be, e.g., digitized images that the projection system 602 is capableof displaying in a preferred format.

In this embodiment, the control module 605 includes a memory module 680.The memory module can be utilized, e.g., by the processor 650 incarrying out programmatic functions as is generally known in the art.The memory module 680 can be any type of computer memory compatible withthe processor 650 and have sufficient storage capability to enable thefunctions of the processor 650 to occur at a desired rate.

In this embodiment, the control module 605 includes a user interfacemodule 685 and a data repository 690. The user interface module 685 caninclude necessary hardware and software, including any necessary logicfunctions, to provide a user interface for creating a desired warningimage, selecting a warning image from a previously-created image,manipulating a warning image, or performing other such functions. Inthis embodiment, warning images can be stored in the data repository 690and retrieved, e.g., using the aforementioned user interface module 685or, in a further example, selected by the processor 650 resultant from adetermined condition, state, or aspect, e.g., sensed by the data source607.

In this embodiment, the user interface module 685 can send and receivesignals to a user interface, e.g., a computer screen via the I/O module670 as described herein. Such signals can be graphically represented ina user-friendly form so that the user can manipulate, select, andperform other functions for creating a projectable warning image such asthose described herein. In one embodiment, the user interface module 685can wirelessly transmit and receive signals, e.g., through the Bluetoothprotocol, or “WIFI” wireless networking standards to allow a user toaccess the user interface using a smartphone, tablet, or other personalcomputing device. In one embodiment, the I/O module 670 can include oneor more data receptacles, e.g., a USB port, for connecting to acomputing device and receiving projectable warning image data or graphicelements (text, graphics, etc.) that can be used to create a projectablewarning image, e.g., through use of the user interface module 685. Suchdata can be stored in the data repository 690 for use.

In general, existing display systems can be used with, or configured tobe used with a warning system of the type described herein. Referringnow to FIG. 8, an exemplary warning system utilizing a display system isillustrated according to one embodiment. In this embodiment, the warningsystem includes a computer control module 801 and a laser-based displaysystem 805 capable of projecting a warning image 810.

In this embodiment, the computer control module 801 can include aprocessor, memory, I/O ports, and stored logic instructions forgathering data from instruments 815, 820, and 825. It should be notedthat three instruments are shown in FIG. 8 for illustration; however,control module 801 can be configured to gather data from any number ofinstruments, as desired. Instruments 815, 820, and 825 can be anyinstrument capable of, e.g., obtaining or generating a measurement, oran instrument controlled by a person, e.g., a pilot. Exemplaryinstruments include, without limitation: a tachometer, a GPS system, aninstrument configured to detect an operational state of an engine, aninstrument to detect rotation of a propeller or turbine fan, aninstrument configured to detect motion, e.g., a gyroscope, accelerometeror other instrument. One exemplary, non-limiting accelerometer for thispurpose is provided by Cardinal Components, Inc., Wayne, New Jersey,USA, Part Number CB-042.

In this embodiment, the laser-based display system 805 is a display unitincluding any necessary optical elements, drivers, computing components,logic instructions, and other components used to project images, text,and other warning indicia as generally described herein. Onenon-limiting, exemplary laser-based display system is the LASERWORLDPRO-1000G ADVANCED system provided by Laserworld USA Inc., Lake Mary,Fla., USA. In one embodiment, commercially-available software andhardware, such as the LASERSHOW DESIGNER 2000 family of software andhardware products provided by Pangolin Laser Systems, Inc., Orlando,Fla., USA can be used to design graphical elements, text, and otherindicia used in a warning image that can be stored as logic instructionsto be used by the laser-based display system 805. In this embodiment,the laser-based system 805 can also include a hardware board, e.g., a QM2000 hardware board provided by Pangolin Laser Systems, Inc. (ibid) forperforming calculations and storing laser frames and warning imagecontent.

In this embodiment, the computer control module 801 can be configured tocollect data from each of the instruments 815, 820, 825; for eachinstrument, data collection can occur continuously or, alternatively,intermittently, e.g., once every 30 seconds. The computer control module801 can be configured to analyze data from each instrument to determineif a warning image should be projected. For example, keeping with theaviation examples provided herein, the control module 801 can receivetachometer data indicating that an engine has started, and thus a“Caution” warning image should be projected on the tarmac. Similarly,the control module 801 may receive data that a turbine engine fan isspinning at a threshold value that warrants a “Danger” warning image tobe projected on the tarmac.

Once the computer control module 801 determines that a warning imageshould be displayed, a display activation signal can be sent to thedisplay system 805. The display activation signal can include, e.g.,instructions to load pre-configured frames, indicia, words, or othermedia and project them onto a designated warning area as describedherein.

Referring now to FIG. 9, a process flow 900 for projecting a warningimage is shown according to one embodiment. In this embodiment, theprocess 900 can implemented by one or more computer processors in signalcommunication with computer memory, stored computer-executable softwareinstructions, including drivers, and instruments configured to capturedata pertaining to an operational state of an airplane component. Theprocess 900 begins at ‘Start’ step 905, which can include, e.g.,providing power to, and initializing the warning system. Next, at step915, operating parameters can be loaded from, e.g., digital storage(Operating Parameters 910) in addition to any drivers, software,firmware, or other files needed for operation of the system. Exemplaryoperating parameters can include, for example, communicationinstructions and protocols for communicating with instruments andprojector systems, drivers, firmware, etc. Operating parameters can alsoinclude, e.g., user-defined data parameters that trigger the system toproject a warning image. For example, a configuration file can include atable of engine RPM values and corresponding instructions that theprocessor can execute depending on a measured engine RPM value. Forexample, the configuration file can instruct no warning image to beprojected at zero RPM, a ‘Caution’ warning image to be projected from1-100 RPMs, and a ‘Warning’ image to be projected for any measuredengine RPM value over 101 RPMs.

Next, at step 920, an operating parameter is read or received from aninstrument (925). It should be noted that the instant step is phrased inthe alternative, as some instruments are configured to be queried, whileothers are capable or configured to transmit data without necessarilyrequiring a query. For example, in some implementations, a tachometerdata value can be read directly, whereas determination of location usinga GPS locator may require a first query and a subsequent response fromthe instrument.

Next, at step 930, the operating parameter collected in step 920 can beanalyzed to determine whether a warning image should be projected. Forexample, the operating parameters (910) may include instructions toproject a warning image similar to that shown in FIG. 1 when the engineis started. If a projection is not indicated, the process loops back tostep 920 where operating parameters are read again; if a projection isindicated, the process moves to step 935 where associated warningindicia are projected, e.g., similar to that shown and described withrespect to FIG. 1.

While steps 920-935 in FIG. 9 are presented using ‘singular’ language,it should be understood that the system can be configured toread/receive operating parameters from multiple instruments, and that,e.g., at step 935, multiple projection systems can be activated ordeactivated accordingly. For example, in one embodiment, a jet aircraftcan have a dedicated projector for each of a starboard- and port-sideengine, and a warning system of the type described herein can beconfigured such that, at step 920, engine operating parameters are readindependently from each engine. Accordingly, a ‘Caution,’ ‘Warning,’ orother informational image can be independently projected for each enginedepending on a measured operating parameter thereof.

In this embodiment, step 940 monitors for a shutdown signal (945), whichcan be, e.g., a power-down command resulting from a user wishing topower off the system, e.g., by a push-button or switch. In the absenceof such a signal, the process can continually loop back to step 920,constantly monitoring for changing operational parameters measured bythe various instruments the warning system is configured to work with.Otherwise, in this embodiment, the process ends at step 950.

In one exemplary aspect, a warning system of the type described herein,e.g., system 600, can be integrated with safety control features thatminimize the likelihood of injury if a person approaches the targetdanger zone. For example, in one embodiment, one or more motion sensorscan be placed on a portion of an aircraft and configured to detectmotion within, or near a projected danger zone. Upon detecting motion,for example, the sensor can send a panic signal to a receiver that isconfigured to, or capable of initiating a shut-down sequence to reduce aparticular hazard. For example, a motion sensor can be configured todetect motion within a selected danger zone in front of a jet engine,e.g., area 300 in FIGS. 3-5. In some embodiments, the motion sensor canbe activated only when the warning is being projected to reduce falsepanic signals. If motion is detected by the sensor while the projectedwarning image 300 is active, a panic signal can be sent to a receiverwhich, in turn can send a shut-down signal to an engine control module.In other words, the detector can act as a “kill switch” if motion isdetected within the projected warning area. One non-limiting, exemplarymotion detection system for this purpose is the LEDDAR™ SensorEvaluation Kit provided by LeddarTech Inc., Quebec City, Quebec, Canada.

In one embodiment, an audible alert tone can be generated if motion isdetected within, or near a projected warning area. For example,referring back to FIGS. 1 and 2, motion or proximity sensors can beplaced on the aircraft and configured to detect motion within the solidbox 105. The control system 600 can be configured to activate one ormore of an audible alarm, a visual indicator or alarm, or a tactile(haptic) alarm stimulus if motion is detected within the danger zone toalert a person to the hazard. In this and other embodiments, the controlsystem 600 can cause an audible alert to be sounded while concurrentlysending a panic or shut-down signal to a controller that controls thedangerous implement, e.g., a propeller or turbine engine. Other types ofsafety control features can be integrated into a warning system toperform the same or similar functionality, including, withoutlimitation, vibration sensors, optical sensors, including laser-basedmotion detectors, video equipment, and radar and sonar assemblies.

Referring now to FIG. 10, a jet airplane is illustrated with anintegrated warning system of the type described herein. In this example,the jet is configured with a projection system 1000 configured toproject a warning image 1030 fore of the starboard engine 1035 asillustrated. The projection system 1000 can be, e.g., the opticalwarning projection system 600 described with respect to FIG. 6, or anyother projection system capable of projecting warning images of the typedescribed herein. Dashed lines emanating from the projection system 1000illustrate projection of the warning image 1030 onto the tarmac on whichthe jet is resting. In this embodiment, the projection system 1000 isattached to, or integrated with the fuselage of the aircraft; however,the projection system 1000 can be attached elsewhere as preferred. Inthis embodiment, first (1010) and second (1020) motion sensors areattached on the fuselage and leading edge of the airplane wingrespectively, as shown. In this embodiment, the motion sensors areconfigured to detect motion within a volume cone defined by angles 1040and 1045 which can correspond to first and second motion detectioncoverage areas. In this and other embodiments, the motion detectioncoverage areas can overlap, if desired or, alternatively, be configuredto detect motion in selected, non-overlapping areas.

FIG. 10 illustrates a worker 1050 who is about to wander into the dangerzone defined by the projected warning image 1030. Motion sensors 1010and 1020 monitor the area generally in and around the projected warningimage 1030 and, when motion of the worker 1050 is detected therein fromeither or both sensors, an alert signal is sent to cause annunciator1060 so sound an audible warning alert.

In this and other embodiments, sensors, e.g., motion, sound, video, orother forms configured to detect motion in or around a projected dangerzone, can be in signal communication with the warning system controlmodule, e.g., control module 605, so that detection of motion can alsocause a change in the projected warning. Keeping with the currentexample, detection of worker 1050 by sensors 1010 and/or 1020 cantrigger control module 605 to “blink” the projected warning image 1030on and off or otherwise modify the projection of the warning image so asto heighten awareness of the hazard area. Such actions can be inaddition to triggering one or more of audible alerts, visual alerts,haptic or tactile alerts, and triggering a panic signal to shut down theengine, apply an emergency implement brake, or other actions as desiredto reduce the likelihood of injury to worker 1050 or damage to othervehicles, equipment or personnel.

In one embodiment, a warning system of the type described herein can beintegrated with one or more broadcast components to send a warning alertto a receiver. In one embodiment, such a receiver can be integrated intovarious types of clothing, personal protective equipment, vehicles, andother objects which can be remote from the area in which the warningsystem is located.

For example, in one embodiment, receivers can be integrated intoheadphone sets used for ear protection at airports. The receivers can beconfigured to receive broadcast warning signals transmitted from abroadcast component in signal communication with the warning systemcontrol module, e.g., control module 605. Exemplary broadcast componentsinclude, without limitation, RF, WIFI, Bluetooth™ and other emitters.Such a configuration provides the capability of transmitting a warningsignal to the receiver alone, or in combination with other alertsignals, such as the aforementioned audible alert or modifying theprojection of a warning image when motion is detected in, or near thevicinity of a projected danger zone. The receiver can be configured withan annunciator that sounds within the headphones if the wearer venturesnear the projected warning area to provide an audible, visual, tactile,or combination of sensory stimuli to indicate impending danger. Itshould be understood that such receivers can be integrated into any typeof personal protective equipment and configured in such a way as toprovide visual, audio, haptic, or a combination of such stimuli to thewearer.

In one general aspect, it is known that airport tarmacs, runways,taxiways, etc. are comprised of different materials at differentairports, or within different zones of a given airport. For example, ajet may take off at an airport having concrete ramps, which can have agenerally light color, and land at an airport having ramps formed ofasphalt, which can be generally dark in color. Thus, in someembodiments, a warning system of the type described herein canadditionally include optical components in signal communication withcomputer hardware and software components configured to determine one ormore optimal optical projection parameters through image analysis.

In such an embodiment, one or more optical components, e.g., a camera orvideo assembly can be configured to capture an image of the intendedprojected danger zone, e.g., projected warning image 300 on the tarmacin FIGS. 3-5. The image can then be analyzed by image analysis softwareto determine whether the warning image is adequately visible on thesurface onto which it is projected. In one embodiment, the imageanalysis software can be configured to receive the intended projectedwarning image as a template file so that image analysis can be performedto find a match with the captured image. Next, the captured image can beanalyzed to determine whether the warning image is sufficientlycontrasted against the background, in this example, the tarmac. If not,the control module of the warning system can alter the projected warningimage so that it is more visible, e.g., to be brighter, to be ofdifferent color or combination of colors, etc. In one embodiment, thecontrol module can cycle through a variety of projection parameters,e.g., brightness, color, etc., where an image analysis is performedafter each iteration to find the best visibility parameters. Onenon-limiting, exemplary software package for image analysis is providedby Teledyne DALSA, Waterloo, ON, Canada, under the SAPERA™ VISIONSOFTWARE brand.

Referring now to FIG. 11, a warning system 1100 is illustrated accordingto one embodiment. In this embodiment, the system 1100 includes anelectronic control module 1105 in signal communication with a projectionsystem 1110 and a detection system 1115. FIG. 11 illustrates thatvarious components of the system 1110 can be located apart from oneanother throughout a machine, in this example, an airplane. In thisembodiment, the control module 1105 is in signal communication with aninstrument of the airplane, in this example, an RPM gauge 1120. Itshould be understood that, in this and other embodiments, the controlmodule need not necessarily be in signal communication with RPM gauge1120 itself; rather, the control module can be in signal communicationwith a component that measures engine RPM and communicates that value tothe gauge 1120.

In this embodiment, the control module can be one as described herein,and is configured to receive an operational state of the airplaneimplement, in this example, the RPM value of the turbine fan of theengine. Near to the turbine fan of the engine, a danger zone 1130 hasbeen established. The danger zone can be determined by any desiredmethod; for example, in this case, wind or vacuum measurements can betaken at various engine RPMs to determine levels that may pose a dangerto personnel in the vicinity of the engine. Such dangers can include,e.g., being drawn into the turbine fan, tipping of equipment, etc.

In this embodiment, projection system 1110 can be one as describedherein and is configured to project a warning image 1131 that overlapsor encapsulates the danger zone 1130. Thus, in the illustration of FIG.11, the danger zone 1130 and the warning image 1131 overlap.

In this embodiment, detection system 1115 can be one as described hereinand is configured to detect the presence of objects, e.g., personnel,within or near the danger zone 1130. In this example, the detectionsystem 1115 can include one or more motion sensors disposed on the frameof the aircraft and configured to focus its detection mechanism on orabout the danger zone 1130 as illustrated by angle indicator 1132.

In this embodiment, control module 1105 continually monitors theoperational state of the engine RPMs as expressed by gauge 1120. Controlmodule 1105 can be configured to compare the measured engine RPM valuewith a digitally-stored table that includes stored threshold RPM values;the control module can then command the projection system 1110 toproject warning image 1130 upon receiving an RPM value at or above athreshold value. Similarly, the control module 1105 can command theprojection system 1110 to deactivate the projection system 1110 if themeasured RPM value falls below a threshold value. While FIG. 11illustrates monitoring a single instrument, it should be understood thatcontrol module 1105 can be configured to monitor any desired number ofinstruments for any desired parameter that may present a hazardouscondition.

In this embodiment, detection system 1115 continually monitors for thepresence of an object within and around the danger zone 1130. Upon suchdetection, a motion-detection signal is sent to the control module 1105which, in turn, activates annunciator 1125. Annunciator 1125 isconfigured to provide an audible alert near the danger zone 1130 so thatpersonnel are likely to hear it. In this and other embodiments, anynumber of additional warning signals can be used to alert persons ofdanger, for example, strobe lights can be activated. In someembodiments, personnel can have on their person, or integrated intopersonal protective gear, warning signal receivers that receive atransmitted warning signal which causes activation of sound, light,haptic, or other stimuli to warn them of impending danger. In such anembodiment, the control module 1105 can be in signal communication withone or more transmitters disposed on or about the machine, e.g., radio,WIFI, Bluetooth, or other transmitter (not illustrated in FIG. 11) andcan cause a warning signal to be emitted therefrom which is receivableby the warning signal receivers.

In one embodiment, the control module 1105 can be configured to onlyactivate the projection system 1110 if a combination of signals isreceived. For example, to prolong the lifetime of the projection system1110, the control module 1105 can be configured such that warning image1131 is projected only when an engine RPM value exceeds a thresholdvalue as discussed, and an object has been detected by the detectionsystem 1115 within or near the danger zone 1130.

A number of illustrative embodiments have been described. Nevertheless,it will be understood that various modifications may be made withoutdeparting from the spirit and scope of the various embodiments presentedherein. For example, a warning projection system, e.g., system 600 asdescribed herein, can be attached to, or integrated with all types ofaircraft, including unmanned aerial vehicles, helicopters, jets, andprop-driven aircraft; tugs and tow motors, hovercraft, motor vehicles,construction equipment, industrial equipment, e.g., forklifts, scissorlifts, hoists, etc., automobiles, trucks, commercial vehicles,commercial airplanes, ambulances, fire trucks, police cars, and othermachinery so as to provide the capability of projecting warning imagesonto a target danger zone, as generally described herein.

While the foregoing description generally describes projection of awarning image defining a hazard inside the boundary of the image, itshould be understood that a warning image can similarly be configured todefine a hazard outside the perimeter of the warning image. For example,a warning system of the type described herein can be used on a schoolbus, where the system is configured to monitor the open or closed stateof a door where children enter and exit. A projection system of the typedescribed herein can be mounted near the door, and a warning image canbe projected on the ground defining a corridor within which children orother passengers should stay when entering or exiting the bus. Thus, inthis embodiment, the warning image defines a ‘safety’ corridor, wherethe hazard (e.g., traffic) may exist outside of the projected image.Accordingly, other embodiments are within the scope of the followingclaims.

The invention claimed is:
 1. A system for projecting a warning imageonto a ground surface within an identified danger zone of a vehicle,comprising: an optical projection system configured to controllablyproject a warning image onto said ground surface that substantiallyencompasses said identified danger zone; and an electronic controlmodule configured to control said optical projection system according toa measured operational aspect of a mechanical or electronic componentintegral to said vehicle.
 2. The system of claim 1, wherein saidelectronic control module is configured to project a first warning imageaccording to a first measured operational aspect of said vehicle, andproject a second, different warning image according to a second,different measured operational aspect of said vehicle.
 3. The system ofclaim 2, wherein said measured operational aspect is a rotation speed ofone or more wheels of said vehicle.
 4. The system of claim 3, whereinsaid first measured operational aspect is a wheel rotation speed ofzero, and said second measured operational aspect is a wheel rotationspeed that is greater than zero.
 5. The system of claim 2, wherein saidmeasured operational aspect is an engine revolutions-per-minute value ofsaid vehicle.
 6. The system of claim 5, wherein said first measuredoperational aspect is an engine revolutions-per-minute valuecorresponding to an idle condition of said vehicle, and said secondmeasured operational aspect is an engine revolutions-per-minute valuethat is greater than said idle condition of said vehicle.
 7. The systemof claim 2, wherein said first measured operational aspect is anapplication of vehicle brakes and said second measured operationalaspect is an engine revolutions-per-minute value of said vehicle.
 8. Thesystem of claim 1, wherein said vehicle is a vehicle selected from thegroup consisting of: a motor vehicle; a construction equipment vehicle;a industrial equipment vehicle; a forklift; a scissor lift; a hoist; atruck; a commercial vehicle; an ambulance; a fire truck; a police car; adelivery truck; a tractor-trailer; and a train.
 9. The system of claim1, wherein said vehicle is a train.
 10. The system of claim 9, whereinsaid optical projection system is attached to a structure that is notsaid train, and configured to project said warning image on an areawhere passengers entrain and detrain.
 11. The system of claim 1, whereinsaid identified danger zone of said vehicle is a substantiallyrectangular area to the right and forward of said vehicle.
 12. Thesystem of claim 1, wherein said selected danger zone of said vehicle isa substantially rectangular area to the right or to the left of saidvehicle having left, right, rear and forward boundary limits; whereinsaid rear boundary limit is coaxial with said rear axle of said vehicle;and wherein said forward boundary limit is in front of said vehicle. 13.The system of claim 1, wherein said identified danger zone of saidvehicle is an arc-shaped rectangular area to the right of said vehicleor to the left of said vehicle having left, right, rear and forwardboundary limits defining a right-turning path of said vehicle.
 14. Thesystem of claim 1, further comprising an emitter configured to emit awarning signal.
 15. The system of claim 14, wherein said warning signalis one or more of a visual, audio or haptic stimulus alert.
 16. Thesystem of claim 15, wherein an intensity of said visual, audio or hapticstimulus alert gradually increases from a time of which said visual,audio or haptic stimulus alert is first emitted.
 17. The system of claim1, wherein said warning image is a hologram.
 18. A safety system forreducing the likelihood of injury near an aircraft engine or propeller,comprising: an optical projection system configured to be mounted to anaircraft frame and project a warning image substantially encapsulating aselected injurious danger area on a ground surface proximal to saidaircraft engine or said propeller; and an electronic control module insignal communication with said optical projections system that isconfigured to control said optical projection system; wherein saidelectronic control module is further configured to project a warningimage into said ground surface according to a measured operational stateof said engine or said propeller.
 19. The safety system of claim 18,wherein said measured operational state of said engine is an enginerevolutions-per-minute value.
 20. The safety system of claim 18, whereinsaid electronic control module is configured to project a first warningimage according to a first measured operational state of said engine orsaid propeller, and project a second, different warning image accordingto a second, different measured operational state of said engine or saidpropeller.